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Overview
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate enlargement, is a noncancerous increase in the size of the prostate gland. Complications can include urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and chronic kidney problems. About 105 million people are affected globally. BPH typically begins after the age of 40. Half of males aged 50 and over are affected. After the age of 80, about 90% of males are affected. Although prostate specific-antigen levels may be elevated in males with BPH, the condition does not increase the risk of prostate cancer.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms are frequent urination, trouble starting to urinate, weak stream, inability to urinate, and loss of bladder control.
Causes
The exact cause is unclear. Risk factors include family history, obesity, type 2 diabetes, not enough exercise, and erectile dysfunction. Medications like pseudoephedrine, anticholinergics, and calcium channel blockers may worsen symptoms. The underlying mechanism involves the prostate pressing on the urethra thereby, making it difficult to pass urine out of the bladder.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and examination after ruling out other possible causes. Diagnosis tests in sequence are:
A. Digital rectal exam- The doctor inserts a finger into the rectum to check your prostate for enlargement. B. Urine test - Analyzing a sample of your urine can help rule out an infection or other conditions that can cause similar symptoms. C. Blood test - The results can indicate kidney problems. D. USG abdomen and pelvic: To find out the prostate size and any other abnormalities. E. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test - PSA is a substance produced in your prostate. PSA levels increase when you have an enlarged prostate. However, elevated PSA levels can also be due to recent procedures, infection, surgery, or prostate cancer.
Management
The following factors are important:
The size of your prostate Your age Your overall health The amount of discomfort or bother you are experiencing Medication is the most common treatment for mild to moderate symptoms of prostate enlargement. The options include:
A. Alpha blockers B. 5-alpha reductase inhibitors C. Combination drug therapy D. Tadalafil
Prevention
Lifestyle changes can't prevent BPH, but they may still be good for your prostate. For starters, exercise, and a heart-healthy diet can help manage your weight, which is great for your prostate. Exercise also helps your bladder empty at a normal rate.
