Overview

Prostate cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the prostate. Signs of prostate cancer include a weak flow of urine or frequent urination.

Symptoms

• Weak or interrupted ("stop-and-go") flow of urine
• Sudden urge to urinate
• Frequent urination (especially at night)
• Trouble starting the flow of urine
• Trouble emptying the bladder completely
• Pain or burning while urinating
• Blood in the urine or semen
• A pain in the back, hips, or pelvis that doesn't go away
• Shortness of breath
• Feeling very tired, fast heartbeat, dizziness, or pale skin caused by anemia

Causes

Prostate cancer forms when the DNA in cells in the prostate develop mutations that may disable their ability to control cell growth and division. Risk Factors Age: Family history of prostate cancer,Race,Hormones,Vitamin E,Folic acid,Dairy and calcium

Diagnosis

Physical exam and history,Digital rectal exam,Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test,Transrectal ultrasound,Transrectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Prevention

Choose a low-fat diet,increase the amount of fruits and vegetables you eat each day,reduce the amount of dairy products you eat each day,maintain a healthy weight,exercise most days of the week

Treatment

Surgery,Radiation Therapy,Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)-lowering levels of these hormones can help slow the growth of the cancer :LHRH agonists : Leuprolide depot,Chemotherapy: Docetaxel,Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: Docetaxel & Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone.

Everyday Life

The disease is easiest to treat while it is confined to the prostate. At this stage, surgery and radiation are most likely to be curative and completely kill or remove whatever cancer cells are present.If left untreated, most cases of diagnosed prostate cancer will grow and possibly spread outside of the prostate to local tissues or distantly to other sites in the body.

Resources

https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-treatment-pdq#_102

https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/prostate-cancer/risk-factors

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/in-depth/prostate-cancer-prevention/art-20045641

https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/prostate-cancer/types-treatment

https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-happens-if-prostate-cancer-is-not-treated-2782034